Telecommunications Installations

What are Telecommunications Installations?

Definition and scope of telecommunications facilities

The purpose of telecommunications facilities is to install an infrastructure capable of transmitting and receiving information. Their scope ranges from physical infrastructures to advanced services, covering a wide network of technologies and applications. The most common are television, telephony and data installations.

At Estel, we are aware of the importance of these facilities as they facilitate communication and the exchange of information at a global level, in addition, they provide customers with a differentiation in terms of their competition.

Essential infrastructure for the transmission of information and data

Essential infrastructure for the transmission of information includes structured cabling, coaxial and fiber optic networks, as well as all the collection and distribution systems.

Fundamental role in social, economic and technological development

Today, the world depends on connectivity, which is why telecommunications have taken on a very important role in society. The latest technological breakthroughs correspond to this field, such as 5G networks or GPS.

In terms of economic role, telecommunications contribute to a great source of job creation, both in innovation and entrepreneurship, it helps business efficiency and has led to a great growth in e-commerce.

At the technological level, it has enabled companies to improve productivity through automation or process optimization and has helped to modernize some sectors such as agriculture.

Basic Components of Telecommunications Installations

Transmission media: cables, optical fiber, radio waves, etc.

The main means of transmission in telecommunication installations are:

  • Coaxial cable: this is a copper line insulated by a plastic sheath. It is used in TV signal distribution.
  • Pair cable: it is composed of copper lines of very small section and is mainly used for telephony and internet distribution.
  • Fiber optic cable: this cabling is composed of thin polymeric filaments that conduct light impulses that are responsible for transmitting information. They are used for Internet and GPON installations.
  • Waves: they are used to cover long distances, where a wired installation is totally unfeasible. Their main uses are in Wifi, radio, TV and GPS networks.

Transmission and reception equipment: antennas, repeaters, routers, etc.

In telecommunications installations, we need equipment capable of receiving information transmitted by third parties.

For television installations, different antennas (UHF-TDT, DAB, FM) are used to pick up signals from different providers. These signals are processed in the TV headend where the information is transmitted through the wiring to our TV sets.

On data installations, we use equipment called routers to carry the signal to our equipment to connect it to the Internet. Currently, the different data providers usually use fiber optics installations to distribute the Internet signal among their customers by installing ONT (optical network terminal) equipment, which are responsible for connecting to the operators’ switchboards.

Finally, in wireless installations we find antennas and repeaters in charge of generalizing the signal and amplifying it to be able to cover more ground (GPS signals, radio, etc).

Types of Telecommunications Installations

Cable telecommunications installations: copper, fiber optic, coaxial, etc.

Wireless telecommunications installations: radio frequency, satellite, etc.

Fixed telecommunications installations: for services such as telephony, internet, cable television.

Mobile telecommunications installations: for cellular telephony, mobile internet, etc.

Design, Implementation and Maintenance of Telecommunications Facilities

To carry out a correct telecommunications installation, it is essential to have a clear idea of the client’s final needs. Once they have been defined, the structuring of the installation and the type of installation to be used can be planned. For example, depending on the size of the infrastructure and the purpose, it is more advisable to install Internet via fiber optics than via twisted pair cabling. The same would be true for TV signal distribution.

From Estel, we strictly follow all regulations and standards of quality and safety dictated by the authorities to provide an optimal service and that customers can enjoy telecommunications facilities according to their specifications.

There are rules and regulations for telecommunications installations at national and international level. These standards range from technical and safety aspects to radio spectrum management and data protection.

  • IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers): Sets standards for wireless networking technologies (such as Wi-Fi), local area networks (LANs), and more.
  • ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute): Develops standards for telecommunications technologies in Europe, including mobile, fixed and Internet telecommunications.
  • ISO (International Organization for Standardization): Publishes standards related to quality and management in telecommunications, such as the ISO/IEC 27000 series for information security management.
  • CMT (Comisión del Mercado de las Telecomunicaciones) in Spain: Regulates and supervises the telecommunications market in Spain.
  • NFPA 70: Part of the NEC that deals specifically with electrical installations, including telecommunications.
As with other types of installations, at Estel, we have a specialized telecommunications team that provides preventive maintenance to avoid possible failures in the installations and a 24/7 SAT team to deal with possible breakdowns in our customers.

Applications and Examples of Telecommunications Installations

Fixed and mobile telephone networks

Broadband and fiber optic internet networks

Cable and satellite television systems

Radio communication networks for emergency and security services

Infrastructure for the transmission of data and multimedia content

Challenges and Future Trends in Telecommunications Installations

Exponential increase in data and bandwidth demand

This trend is driven by various technological, social and economic factors. Due to global connectivity and network access, the Internet of Things (IoT) has expanded, video traffic has grown, as have streaming operators, and new applications such as virtual reality and augmented reality have emerged, revolutionizing entertainment and professional applications. Cloud services for storage and software-as-a-service have demanded fast and reliable connectivity.

Deployment of 5G technologies and next-generation networks.

Advances in telecommunications facilities have made it possible to develop 5G mobile technology. This technology will increase the speed of data transmission and reduce latency times. This type of technology has enabled the development of the "internet of things" (IoT), allowing a multitude of everyday items to be connected to each other (vehicles, robots, street furniture, home electronic devices, etc.) and interact with each other in real time. This technological revolution that has resulted from 5G has made it possible to perform remote-assisted surgery, create autonomous vehicles, etc.

Cybersecurity and data protection in telecommunications facilities.

Cybersecurity is the protection of equipment, networks and data from possible computer attacks and digital threats. Due to the great advances in telecommunications installations, the number of elements connected to the computer network is growing, making us dependent on it, which increases the risks and threats of cyber-attacks. For this reason, cybersecurity has become extremely important in our era, not only to prevent possible damage to devices, but also to prevent massive theft of critical information.

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